From: Subject: Filesystems Date: Tue, 30 Aug 2005 09:55:18 -0700 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/related; type="text/html"; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0000_01C5AD48.EDD66AF0" X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.2180 This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_0000_01C5AD48.EDD66AF0 Content-Type: text/html; charset="utf-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://osdev.berlios.de/osd-fs.html =EF=BB=BF Filesystems

other formats: ( xml | txt )

Filesystems

Chris Giese=20
Homepage: http://www.execpc.com/~geezer/=20

$Date: 2002/07/02 07:43:38 $
$Revision: 1.1.1.1 $

Executive Summary

A discussion and comparison of various file systems =

1. FAT=20 filesystem
2. Layout of a FAT=20 volume
3. FAT bootsector and=20 BPB
4. FAT directory=20 entries
5. The FAT
6. = ext2=20 filesystem
7. ISO-9660 (CD-ROM)=20 filesystem
8. Overview of common = filesystems
9. Filesystem code=20 snippets
10. Links
11. TO=20 DO

1.FAT filesystem

FAT stands for File Allocation Table, = the main=20 feature of this filesystem. The FAT filesystem is associated with DOS = and some=20 versions of Windows. VFAT (virtual = FAT) is=20 FAT with long filenames.

Newly-purchased floppy disks advertised as 'formatted' usually = contain a=20 FAT12 filesystem.

2.Layout of a FAT volume

Figure 1

A FAT volume contains:=20

boot sector (more than one for FAT32)=20
root directory (not present for FAT32)=20
one or more copies of the FAT (almost always 2 copies)=20
the data area, where files and subdirectories are stored. For = FAT32, the=20 root directory is stored in the data area as well.

3.FAT bootsector and BPB

The FAT boot sector contains:=20

Code to load and run the DOS kernel=20
The poorly-named BIOS Parameter = Block (BPB),=20 with disk geometry and filesystem info. The BPB corresponds to the = superblock of UNIX filesystems.=20
Magic values: 55h at offset 510, 0AAh at offset 511.

Layout of FAT12/FAT16 bootsector with minimal BPB:

Code listing 1

typedef unsigned char u8;
typedef unsigned short u16;	/* Note: multi-byte values are little-endian =
*/
typedef unsigned long u32;
struct fat_bootsector		/* Warning: this struct must be packed */
{
	u8 jump[3];		/* 16-bit JMP to boot code, or 8-bit JMP + NOP */
	u8 oem_id[8];		/* e.g. 'MSWIN4.0' */
	u16 bytes_per_sector;	/* usu. =3D512 */
	u8 sectors_per_cluster;
	u16 num_boot_sectors;	/* usu. =3D1 */
	u8 num_fats;		/* usu. =3D2 */
	u16 num_root_dir_ents;
	u16 total_sectors;	/* 16-bit; 0 if num sectors > 65535 */
	u8 media_ID_byte;       /* usu. =3D0F0h */
	u16 sectors_per_fat;
	u16 sectors_per_track;
	u16 heads;
	u32 hidden_sectors;	/* =3DLBA partition start */
	u32 total_sectors_large;/* 32-bit; 0 if num sectors < 65536 */
	u8 boot_code[474];
	u8 magic[2];		/* 55h, 0AAh */
};                              /* 512 bytes total */

FAT32 uses additional fields (xxx - todo)

4.FAT directory entries

FAT directory entries are 32 bytes long:

Code listing 2

typedef unsigned char u8;
typedef unsigned short u16;	/* Note: multi-byte values are little-endian =
*/
typedef unsigned long u32;
struct fat_dirent               /* Warning: this struct must be packed =
*/
{
        u8 name[8];             /* ALL-CAPS, pad right with spaces */
        u8 ext[3];              /* ALL-CAPS, pad right with spaces */
        u8 attrib;              /* attribute byte */
        u8 reserved;            /* =3D0 */
        u8 ctime_ms;            /* file creation time, 10ms units */
        u16 ctime;              /* file creation time, in DOS format */
        u16 cdate;              /* file creation date, in DOS format */
        u16 adate;              /* DOS date of last file access */
        u16 st_clust_msw;       /* high 16 bits of starting cluster =
(FAT32) */
        u16 mtime;              /* DOS time of last file modification */
        u16 mdate;              /* DOS date of last file modification */
        u16 st_clust;           /* starting cluster */
        u32 file_size;          /* in bytes */
};                              /* 32 bytes total =
*/

DOS times and dates are stored in these formats:

Code listing 3

struct dos_time                 /* =
Warning: this struct must be packed */
{
        unsigned two_secs : 5;  /* low 5 bits: 2-second increments */
        unsigned minutes : 6;   /* middle 6 bits: minutes */
        unsigned hours : 5;     /* high 5 bits: hours (0-23) */
};                              /* 2 bytes total */

struct dos_date                 /* Warning: this struct must be packed =
*/
{
        unsigned date : 5;      /* low 5 bits: date (1-31) */
        unsigned month : 4;     /* middle 4 bits: month (1-12) */
        unsigned year : 7;      /* high 7 bits: year - 1980 */
};                              /* 2 bytes total =
*/

The Attribute byte is similar to the file 'mode' under UNIX=20 filesystems:

Code listing 4

struct attrib                   /* =
Warning: this struct must be packed */
{
        int read_only : 1;      /* b0 */
        int hidden : 1;
        int system : 1;
        int volume_label : 1;
        int directory : 1;
        int archive : 1;
        int reserved : 2;       /* b6, b7 */
};                              /* 1 byte total =
*/

FAT directory entries contain all metadata for a=20 particular file. This is different from UNIX filesystems, which store = metadata=20 separately from the directory entries (in inodes).=20 FAT directory entries are also used for disk volume labels and VFAT long = filenames (xxx - todo).

5.The FAT

Entries in the FAT can be 12 bits wide (FAT12), 16 bits wide (FAT16), = or 32=20 bits wide (FAT32). FAT entries do not necessarily refer to disk sectors, = but to=20 clusters, which are groups of = contiguous=20 sectors. The number of sectors per cluster is always a power of 2. = The FAT=20 format used is determined solely by the number of clusters in the = volume:=20

FAT12: 1...4084 (0FF4h) clusters=20
FAT16: 4085...65524 (0FFF4h) clusters=20
FAT32: 65525... clusters

Used FAT entries form singly linked = lists,=20 indicating which clusters are used by each file or subdirectory. Some = FAT entry=20 values are special:

FAT special value FAT12 FAT16 FAT32

Free cluster 0 0 0

Used cluster; pointer to next 2-0FF4h 2-0FFF4h 2-0FFFFFF4h (28-bit)

Bad cluster 0FF7h 0FFF7h 0FFFFFF7h (28-bit)

Used cluster; last in chain 0FFFh 0FFFFh 0FFFFFFFh (28-bit) =

FAT special value	FAT12	FAT16	FAT32
Free cluster	0	0	0
Used cluster; pointer to next	2-0FF4h	2-0FFF4h	2-0FFFFFF4h (28-bit)
Bad cluster	0FF7h	0FFF7h	0FFFFFF7h (28-bit)
Used cluster; last in chain	0FFFh	0FFFFh	0FFFFFFFh (28-bit) =

6.ext2 filesystem

xxx - to do

7.ISO-9660 (CD-ROM) filesystem

http://mobius.sf.net/tute= s/iso9660.txt=20

8.Overview of common filesystems

Thanks to Peter Montagner for information on Macintosh HFS+ = filesystem.

FAT12/16 (DOS) VFAT (Win95), FAT32 (Win98) NTFS ext2 (Linux)

Filename length 8.3 255 255 255

Path length 80 260 32767

Illegal characters in filenames (nul) " * + , . / : ; < = =3D > ? [=20 \ ] | (nul) " * / : < > ? \ = | (nul) /

Legal characters in filenames
(space) ! # $ % & ' ( ) - 0-9 @ A-Z ^ _ = ` a-z { }=20 ~

Leading . or space is illegal
Trailing . or space = ignored.

(space) ! # $ % & ' ( ) + , - . 0-9 ; = =3D @ A-Z [ ]=20 ^ _ ` a-z { } ~

Leading space ignored
Single . or space is = illegal
Trailing . or=20 space ignored.
everything but
(nul) = /=20

Limit to number of root directory entries YES VFAT12/16: YES
FAT32: no no no ?

Maximum subdirectory depth no no no ? no

Directories sorted by name NO NO ? yes?

Block size FAT12: 512 bytes-4K
FAT16: 2K-32K 4K-32K 512 bytes-64K 1K-

Character set UCS-2 Unicode UCS-2 Unicode Undefined; can be ASCII, Latin-1, UTF-8 = Unicode,=20 etc.

Endian little little ? little

	FAT12/16 (DOS)	VFAT (Win95), FAT32 (Win98)	NTFS	ext2 (Linux)
Filename length	8.3	255	255	255
Path length	80	260	32767
Illegal characters in filenames	(nul) " * + , . / : ; < = =3D > ? [=20 \ ] \|	(nul) " * / : < > ? \ = \|		(nul) /
Legal characters in filenames	(space) ! # $ % & ' ( ) - 0-9 @ A-Z ^ _ = ` a-z { }=20 ~ Leading . or space is illegal Trailing . or space = ignored.	(space) ! # $ % & ' ( ) + , - . 0-9 ; = =3D @ A-Z [ ]=20 ^ _ ` a-z { } ~ Leading space ignored Single . or space is = illegal Trailing . or=20 space ignored.		everything but (nul) = /=20
Limit to number of root directory entries	YES	VFAT12/16: YES FAT32: no	no	no ?
Maximum subdirectory depth	no	no	no ?	no
Directories sorted by name	NO	NO	?	yes?
Block size	FAT12: 512 bytes-4K FAT16: 2K-32K	4K-32K	512 bytes-64K	1K-
Character set		UCS-2 Unicode	UCS-2 Unicode	Undefined; can be ASCII, Latin-1, UTF-8 = Unicode,=20 etc.
Endian	little	little	?	little

ISO9660 (CD-ROM) Joliet Mac HFS+

Filename length Level 1: 8.3 files, 8 for = subdirectories
Level 2/3:=20 31 64 255

Path length

Illegal characters in filenames
(nul) (space) ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - = . / : ;=20 < =3D > ? @ [ \ ] ^ ` { | } ~

Extension with directory name is not allowed
(nul) :

Legal characters in filenames 0-9 A-Z _ everything but
(nul) = :=20

Limit to number of root directory entries no ? no no

Maximum subdirectory depth 8 no

Directories sorted by name yes yes

Block size 2K 2K ?

Character set ASCII UCS-2 Unicode UCS-2 Unicode

Endian Big AND little (committee invention :) big

	ISO9660 (CD-ROM)	Joliet	Mac HFS+
Filename length	Level 1: 8.3 files, 8 for = subdirectories Level 2/3:=20 31	64	255
Path length
Illegal characters in filenames	(nul) (space) ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - = . / : ;=20 < =3D > ? @ [ \ ] ^ ` { \| } ~ Extension with directory name is not allowed		(nul) :
Legal characters in filenames	0-9 A-Z _		everything but (nul) = :=20
Limit to number of root directory entries	no ?	no	no
Maximum subdirectory depth	8	no
Directories sorted by name	yes	yes
Block size	2K	2K ?
Character set	ASCII	UCS-2 Unicode	UCS-2 Unicode
Endian	Big AND little (committee invention :)		big

Code=20 listing 5: Illegal characters in filenames

#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <stdio.h>

#if defined(__TURBOC__)
#include <io.h>

#elif defined(__GNUC__)
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#endif
/************************************************************************=
*****
*************************************************************************=
****/
int main(void)
{
	char buf[16];
	int i, j;

	printf("These characters are illegal for file names:\n");
	for(i =3D ' '; i < 256; i++)
	{
		sprintf(buf, "%c", i);
		j =3D creat(buf, S_IWRITE);
		if(j >=3D 0)
		{
			close(j);
			unlink(buf);
		}
		else
			printf("%c (0x%02X)  ", i, i);
	}
	printf("\n");
	return 0;
}

9.Filesystem code snippets

Check disk for FAT = filesystem, display info

Check disk for ext2 = filesystem, display info

10.Links

Information on FAT12/FAT16 (DOS) filesystems:=20

http://www.= nondot.org/sabre/os/articles/FileSystems/=20
ht= tp://www.thesky.demon.co.uk/filesystems/fat-filesystem.html,=20 = http://www.thesky.demon.co.uk/filesystems/fat16-filesystem.html=20
http://home.no.net/tkos/in= fo/fat.html=20
Official MS docs for FAT32: http://ww= w.microsoft.com/hwdev/hardware/fatgendown.asp=20

Information on ext2fs (Linux filesystem):=20

http://ura= nus.it.swin.edu.au/~jn/explore2fs/es2fs.htm=20

11.TO DO

linked list for used and free sectors (FAT family)=20
tree for used sectors, bitmap for free (UNIX family)=20
subdirectories=20
advanced: journalling, striping=20
sorted directories let you perform a fast binary search

last updates $Date: 2002/07/02 07:43:38 $

------=_NextPart_000_0000_01C5AD48.EDD66AF0 Content-Type: image/gif Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Location: http://osdev.berlios.de/img/fat.gif R0lGODdhQAG4AYAAAAAAAP///ywAAAAAQAG4AQAC/4yPqcvtD6OctNqLs968+w+G4kiW5omm6sq2 7gvH8kzX9o3n+s73/g8MCofEovGITCqXSwAA4lxEX85qNXE9WLdPbdc7lW6Z5Fi2cQbDuGFDmn1+ jxXssp1lfaTdbfxXHNDHRxcXJmj4d6c4EiWIkPe4N5i1J3l1mIj15NjX+NXWmQcqFzha+pnouDjU pVr66gWrCYcoNxfp4An4OMgQeokKeSpcJ9u7quSqG8s5RdmKygedWXyM6Zt5jNv7PC39fWqdjVyk 6hxtHCsuDWk6Kyx7vTs7f77tjo9OntSsjliPrpi7bWJuqSNEaNw/Y/b8/fnnap+QZlyGwVvHLdvA g/7vDKbjGA6bw3sPoRFcJhEJxTFwEGJ8Bs6SwlQ0RYJ0CatbzHPe2I1LGWSjtpvx9BmsRjRdKJsW ZR6s6LPWRUlAWZXESfCkvpCRNlHTCDarVqhau14lJfNn1bUfhJIxpzYi27kbWiqCi00u3b0XyN7B W5Cv4MGECxs+jDix4sWMGzt+DDmy5MmUK1u+jDmz5s2cO3v+DDq06NGkS5s+jTq16tVraLl+DTu2 7Nm0a9u+jTu37t3V1Grx4JtCcNaIW0kYHgF5cuKTN01Qrqctc8l6eaVNCAY6mumRkdbj5QZ8oN/A uUP+pRFLePCp1nfQbn6u84Kf1I9nbx/+9viNjf/nmk9ee/cFKB1/jNUHRX4K4leegYtpJ2CEC77H W4UWXohhhhpueGEFhoj3EHkDcqCfgxJByJUa9KhYl4mKlYgDjC6uIqMNNc74FxM34ljGjjP4yGMT OgZZGJBmEEmYkWsgOZiS+zFCC5N2uKaCkyJKKV+VJViJJRDDTYVJMMFYV92VXVYVXIjuqTkgm1s9 d2aW0dEx4XoIEthXnGylKUWdIPoJp55oJlfIHAqZ6Z8FXAqqA4ojimffo4l6yChQjkrIoKTuUVrp iQmKeGebV95ZIpWdEmGqHpWE2RWLjwZ6KjKLrjBrrD8OaSuNuOZ61668Tunrr28FK6yQxhY77LH/ yCqrUpTLNupsMs8Sa0St06JgLbbXSsvstqhS621Q4Ib7Q7YnmEsuCOhumW4547a7w7okpAqvC/Sq VO9E7+Z7g7yM8OvlvgDT4K8IBQ8MKz8I93Cwugvz0HCBD+cQcYMTx6hjtJ4u92oGFROsMb5NHmdw fwJv/KnDB57sg1djrjhMXvfVVyh27LjqsqaLfExiEwKOSOqTzoAUatCgcvRzjt26C+nMgG7qNNSY 4qlz0h2z3DKzU9vpy4RWT/pnpkfruvS3TYMNNqJrdjR0n1JDLSrZ3Cp89ttXT221mWNTHSDP/5bN SqRci1133GpXfXh6fv+dTMgM07mp0W7npHfR/nsbrnjGds0tMsw4wzVfqK6CQ/obXZOzuMedpl4y 4Eyy3jrnXZYp+xGwT3w7pxf3i/XuKeQunO+8u95503qHACTwyGvuXeBYJSXxe385Xm2v6lFzdfQ9 p6Q8yUrzHV5cq34lJs4hTWVp7wGfDj6kkmMeNkOF79M9xz0+OfjkhePtZ1zcq18u/InOeIib3Nay h8D7EY9pBiRgdrJDCfYdMGaCkxUAsybB5kHuUA0kXAXrt73aiRBuJHTbARM1wfmh7oKPY18F3Xe5 970PaC/cGfP8YjbI6ZA+niMdV0z3jhryg3oMVKAF/7fAItoQiSNsYhKT5UTh4YGFUlzeE6to/wIQ zgmLR7oiFxlHty9S4YYeEaPHiJhDM07Ri2q0WBjbqCU2wrFFcpyj6upoxzzhMY+6eyMf50XFP3qv cZsTJKEKWTxDWjGKirwjIxupx0dCso+JnGQI/WhJOkoyk/bDJCcxoMVcfFJ6PkPkKJtyEdudUpOe XGXCKunKV6oylpFsJS23aMtb4g+WuhTlHl0Zyl32EpfNMuUo7zXLYXaSl8rcITOb6cA0QtOFz5xm AsVlTWFWL5vUTCY3hSjNb5YQVWjMJDK3Kc5oOi+dx1NiOoPZTXHCU3/snKcz3xnIVdoTnNncpzqt 6U8IcmigBC2oQQ9q0HyeMqDj7KdCj/nQT/4y9JrQnOhEn2VRdv4TmxqlaAA76tGWldOS53SnPCPK yYyCVKWCMSVNNJi/do7sl1DcDgfnVJMXobSa47npftpz0UXmMn2+7BifaBjStbCUL74ZYPZCFlSV bVJWOHTqUdOj01LCdInUxJ4vfSqfkXKUqf8pY1NLGFXteXMvP8GqTKH6oJ2ulYB5e1pSB0VTcLVV nWmTaUvlik5wssmE2kwSYCG51HoetpGJxadWcbhQsa6vo409aV4xOLrYXVKpi63Bz2ZlpLQOcqic q6sbN0vUqRbRtGAi3wN9mDMK+vWIql2n3QQnwxiCarCmXeFl4/VBetqNf4Tz3546e6tIcf+Cnn01 XEwRKNqUDdGY4QzHTKQSwQ62L5XRjUoqA/u9eNr1pik8HGd/26jg4rR/a/OgClNL2ko6FanOzW17 R8VPucU3kd99bWZtYb4gbpSr+52rgVFWYPDylMALTjBw6VLZb0aYmxaVLGMtjFmNTtih6DUncgW5 YYB++I8hnmaJKzpiPlaYuinFcAspm+I8nriZM1ZmjYd5417mWJc7vmWPabnirZrTxRAD6V0fDOMO kzTGdvxxLJ0MTCbPEcr6lDIcgwzZYxIZyRq2chupvFAvqxHMEFXyJMksUTGbEc0pVbMYsYzQOMt5 znSus5u/yGYPmxmxd+Zinpe8Z8b2GYv+fz7zoKsI5/62mMW2hXDzXprlmCr6r4HWV3TAeroZGqbQ 1b2eeDPVW7JWeqza3Whzj4zgBtNWgsIVKFW6qwFOW8UjVv0Upot06C529Z52RXWqD4zXvHB3va3G 9agny+veagzWqK3WloHt1oZGbcAnejbFZsrryH0124eRtaW5PdgNso3ZoMy18LxtSHSD2Ny+UzeJ 2b07d6uYjJNeK1Wk2uzHllHB+nWuZvPNYGCHN9SsBLj1autN1o7PZrI1XTcIDqxje1a9uNXtfTHH 2/wa0cH2rmG0p52/ExaVfvAG45o+PlxWF3fkvkW4SS8hbFejNXEJ8eqv+X3wT7dv5in+3yW5Z0vq fkMcbT0v4K6ZOF0hu3O+bsLvxWcY7rSWtNM5ly0PW+W5mlWuEsHmuMAb3XKv49yk/f56xMVudmQr VuLzZruMS447uD8s0fdetNKDblmXP1nuC5P3293eZL4jzO+BB/yUBT8wutMu3dbG2EoRDzDCH97w V4Y8vyRfecp/2fL5wvzm9V3vMzd+eEnWe5Q1P2bO18vzqUf9mlUPL9a/3vVvpnfdh8zob3eZ9niG fbtkX3ve+9n36QJ+74VPaOKTS/F1br7znw992Sg/XMYfPvIRPX1vVT+5hUXN9mVw1ul8X9c6N834 /QAgChLj9sT4YZh+3n2wo+xDfAv+t9M74XRpr1rVNQX5tOsqcisHYdlXS6+SXT1kM1/DcMd1fbSi XG1TEs2VXZCmdfBXbFQndEUHgOzFXGxFgIrCgaLzcUQngHJiesnUNtwwKtGWgntzFQPYgOjXJjB3 PjRYc/7nQzFjgdwmfxL2gdNyfu32gxg1hMsShPFWhMhyhJTUWi50d45kcGPXg6RmOXCjDFmEbzEI havFgeETf1FISSc4cc9Egl54gVaXIqWjdeHDExA3hW+YYdqlJrembU9ncTMIQ9SmdmnHZc7EdUbF ckUXcl14hhioexjYdBfnVyPIc0bXUEHlT6f2UfoDVHSlKtjVgvHzXGjoa8MTUPukNokUx4ZVFSh0 KIKPqHFeEnp4F4dW+EI2xzEBeIrQlYqG2IcKRl7CFX73lYj0NYu3xX8Ms4rpJXOZ5YqX+FILuIYG +IePxS3ztIOjZSyRiHZlV402IoYb94PRqCdLGHdaiITgeDHeOHe2F33niI7pSGdGxo7t6I7vCI/x KI/zSI/1aI/3iI/5qI/7yI/96I//CJABKZADSZAFaZAHiZAJqZAOUAAAOw== ------=_NextPart_000_0000_01C5AD48.EDD66AF0 Content-Type: text/css; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://osdev.berlios.de/zhware.css ADDRESS { FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 14px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: = Arial } BLOCKQUOTE { FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 14px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: = Arial } BODY { FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 14px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: = Arial } CAPTION { FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 14px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: = Arial } CENTER { FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 14px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: = Arial } DD { FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 14px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: = Arial } DIR { FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 14px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: = Arial } DIV { FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 14px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: = Arial } DL { FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 14px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: = Arial } DT { FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 14px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: = Arial } FORM { FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 14px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: = Arial } LI { FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 14px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: = Arial } MENU { FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 14px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: = Arial } OL { FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 14px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: = Arial } P { FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 14px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: = Arial } PRE { FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 14px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: = Arial } TD { FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 14px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: = Arial } TH { FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 14px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: = Arial } TR { FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 14px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: = Arial } UL { FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 14px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: = Arial } BODY { PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; BACKGROUND: #c0c0c0; = PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: 4%; CURSOR: default; MARGIN-RIGHT: 4%; = PADDING-TOP: 0px } H1 { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 24px; COLOR: #8c2931; FONT-FAMILY: Arial } H2 { BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; = FONT-SIZE: 20px; COLOR: #8c2931; BORDER-BOTTOM: 1px solid; FONT-FAMILY: = Arial; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 1px } H3 { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 18px; COLOR: #8c2931; FONT-FAMILY: Arial } H4 { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 16px; COLOR: #8c2931; FONT-FAMILY: Arial } H5 { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 14px; COLOR: #8c2931; FONT-FAMILY: Arial } A { BACKGROUND: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; CURSOR: pointer } A:link { COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline } A:visited { COLOR: #8c2931; TEXT-DECORATION: underline } A:active { COLOR: #8c2931; TEXT-DECORATION: underline } A:hover { COLOR: #8c2931; TEXT-DECORATION: underline } A.altlink { TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.menulink { TEXT-DECORATION: none } ADDRESS { FONT-STYLE: italic } BIG { FONT-SIZE: 18px } SMALL { FONT-SIZE: 12px } SUB { FONT-SIZE: 12px } SUP { FONT-SIZE: 12px } CITE { FONT-STYLE: italic } CODE { FONT-SIZE: 12px } KBD { FONT-SIZE: 12px } SAMP { FONT-SIZE: 12px } TT { FONT-SIZE: 12px } HTML { PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: = 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px } BUTTON { CURSOR: auto } INPUT { CURSOR: auto } TEXTAREA { CURSOR: text } DT { FONT-WEIGHT: bold } TD { MARGIN-LEFT: 0px } UL { MARGIN-LEFT: 0px } OL { MARGIN-LEFT: 0px } TH { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; MARGIN-LEFT: 0px; TEXT-ALIGN: center } PRE { PADDING-RIGHT: 0.5em; PADDING-LEFT: 0.5em; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.5em; = MARGIN: 0.5em 5% 0.5em 3%; PADDING-TOP: 0.5em; WHITE-SPACE: pre; = font-face: monospace } .copyright { BORDER-TOP: 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; FONT-SIZE: 12px; = BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px; TEXT-ALIGN: right; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 1px } .menu { BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; FONT-SIZE: 12px; = BORDER-BOTTOM: 1px solid; TEXT-ALIGN: right; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 1px } .abstract { FONT-SIZE: 12px } .infohead { FONT-SIZE: 12px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffcc66 } .infotext { FONT-SIZE: 12px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ddddff } .secthead { FONT-WEIGHT: bold } .path { COLOR: #8c2931 } .code { COLOR: #8c2931 } .note { BORDER-RIGHT: black 1px solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.5em; BORDER-TOP: black = 1px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0.5em; FONT-SIZE: 12px; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.5em; = MARGIN-LEFT: 20px; BORDER-LEFT: black 1px solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 20px; = PADDING-TOP: 0.5em; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1px solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: = #d0d0d0 } .warntext { BORDER-RIGHT: black 1px solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.5em; BORDER-TOP: black = 1px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0.5em; FONT-SIZE: 12px; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.5em; = MARGIN-LEFT: 20px; BORDER-LEFT: black 1px solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 20px; = PADDING-TOP: 0.5em; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1px solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: = #ffcc66 } .impotext { PADDING-RIGHT: 0.5em; PADDING-LEFT: 0.5em; FONT-SIZE: 12px; = PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.5em; MARGIN-LEFT: 20px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 20px; = PADDING-TOP: 0.5em; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ddddff } UL { LIST-STYLE-TYPE: disc } MENU { LIST-STYLE-TYPE: disc } DIR { LIST-STYLE-TYPE: disc } OL { LIST-STYLE-TYPE: decimal } UL UL OL OL { LIST-STYLE-TYPE: lower-alpha } UL OL UL OL { LIST-STYLE-TYPE: lower-alpha } OL UL OL OL { LIST-STYLE-TYPE: lower-alpha } OL OL UL OL { LIST-STYLE-TYPE: lower-alpha } OL UL OL { LIST-STYLE-TYPE: lower-alpha } OL OL { LIST-STYLE-TYPE: lower-alpha } OL UL OL OL { LIST-STYLE-TYPE: lower-roman } OL OL UL OL { LIST-STYLE-TYPE: lower-roman } UL OL OL OL { LIST-STYLE-TYPE: lower-roman } OL OL OL { LIST-STYLE-TYPE: lower-roman } OL OL OL OL { LIST-STYLE-TYPE: decimal } UL UL { LIST-STYLE-TYPE: circle } OL OL UL UL { LIST-STYLE-TYPE: circle } OL UL OL UL { LIST-STYLE-TYPE: circle } UL OL OL UL { LIST-STYLE-TYPE: circle } OL UL UL { LIST-STYLE-TYPE: circle } UL OL UL { LIST-STYLE-TYPE: circle } OL UL UL UL { LIST-STYLE-TYPE: square } UL OL UL UL { LIST-STYLE-TYPE: square } UL UL OL UL { LIST-STYLE-TYPE: square } UL UL UL { LIST-STYLE-TYPE: square } UL UL UL UL { LIST-STYLE-TYPE: disc } ------=_NextPart_000_0000_01C5AD48.EDD66AF0--